The single "consensus" champ of every college football season, 1869-2024
Who has the most national titles, if we only crown one team per year?
Hello! This is an updated version of a post that floated around some websites at which I used to write. Buy my critically praised novel.
For almost all of college football’s 150+ years, there was no formal top-level championship. And now that there is, we still debate who gets to participate and how seriously to take it.
Lots of teams claim lots of old titles. For almost every year, that’s justifiable.
How can a team that beat every team it played not be considered a champ? How can you decide between two strangers from different regions?
And all the way back to the beginning, historians and mathematicians have made their picks for each season’s closest thing to a consensus champ.
They’ve been joined by media polls, coaches’ polls, more advanced computer systems, and so on. Many of those are listed as “selectors” by the NCAA, though the governing body has never been in charge of the top-level football title.
So let’s pick exactly one champ from every season, then tally by team.
This will not be one person’s opinion. We’ll find the closest thing to a consensus in each season, combining NCAA-recognized selectors and high-quality measurements like SRS, other computer ratings, a research series by James Vautravers, Parke Davis’ 1911 history of football, a series by Bill Connelly informed by advanced stats, and more.
Your team might end up with fewer titles than it claims, though we’ll also find a few teams that should claim more, as well as one season in which the only clear champ doesn’t claim it.
Also, remember this: national championships are fake. Your team should claim one every year, regardless of what this post says.
The Playoff era
A four-team tournament was supposed to fix everything. It didn’t. How about 12?
2024: Ohio State.
2023: Michigan.
2022: Georgia.
2021: Georgia.
2020: Alabama.
2019: LSU.
2018: Clemson.
2017: Alabama. Undefeated UCF’s claim is reasonable, with a #1 ranking in one NCAA-listed selector. (If this has upset you, you’re unprepared to handle the rest of CFB history. Goodbye.)
2016: Clemson.
2015: Alabama.
2014: Ohio State.
The BCS era
With all the conferences on board, a mix of polls and computers matched #1 vs. #2 every year. Annual controversy raged anyway.
2013: Florida State.
2012: Alabama. Ohio State was unbeaten, but bowl-banned. Claim it if you want!
2011: Alabama beat LSU more decisively than LSU beat Alabama ... but I ain’t mad at those who say LSU was the year’s best team. Also, BCS computers thought Oklahoma State should’ve made the title game, so claim it, OSU.
2010: Auburn, though undefeated Rose champ TCU should also claim.
2009: Alabama. Unbeaten Boise State won another Fiesta Bowl. Claim it.
2008: Florida, though undefeated Sugar champ Utah should claim as well, with a win over SEC West champ Alabama and final #1 rankings in several BCS computers.
2007: LSU, but if Georgia, Kansas, and USC gave themselves trophies, it wouldn’t be nearly the craziest thing about this season.
2006: Florida, though unbeaten Boise State’s legendary Fiesta gives it every reason to hang a banner.
2005: Texas.
2004: USC, regardless of the NCAA’s alternative facts. Unbeaten Fiesta champ Utah should print T-shirts. BCS snub Auburn gave players rings, but doesn’t claim it. There’s still time.
2003: LSU. USC fairly claims poll titles, though nobody but USC cares.
2002: Ohio State.
2001: Miami, one of several entrants in the greatest-team-ever debate.
2000: Oklahoma.
1999: Florida State. Nobody beat Marshall, though. Claim it.
1998: Tennessee. Nobody beat Tulane, though. Same.
The Bowl Coalition/Alliance era
The proto-BCS tried to create #1 vs. #2 bowls. It came close, but the Big Ten and Pac-10 preferred the Rose to a title game.
1997: Nebraska over Michigan, but since they didn’t face each other, both claims are valid. The Huskers played more final-ranked teams, won more decisively, and have the selector majority, but were punished in the AP for the Flea Kicker. Here’s what cancels out that controversy: Washington State being robbed of its final play against Michigan. The Huskers would’ve been favored in a title game.
1996: Florida.
1995: Nebraska.
1994: Unbeaten Nebraska beat two of the final top six. Unbeaten Penn State beat four of the final 14. The polls favored the Huskers, while the Nittany Lions have the advanced-stats advantage after roughly splitting the computers at the time. Still, Nebraska was more dominant and had almost three times as many outright NCAA-listed #1 rankings, including the AP.
1993: Florida State. Notre Dame beat FSU and could claim, based on the ever-indecisive National Championship Foundation and one mathematical ranking. Bowl-banned Auburn doesn’t claim 1993, though they like to hint at it.
1992: Alabama.
The polls era
For most of the 20th Century, teams based claims on the AP, UPI/Coaches poll, a major equivalent, or ... whatever else they wanted.
1991: Washington. Unbeaten Miami’s claim is legit, but the Huskies were #1 in more selectors and #2 ahead of Miami in scoring on both sides of the ball, all against a top-10 schedule, with SP+ favoring them in a hypothetical title game by almost four points.
1990: Georgia Tech. The majority of polls favor Colorado, but that’s dumb. CU’s record would’ve been 10-2-1 if not for the Fifth Down. (Full disclosure: I’m from Atlanta, but did not attend this school. I’m terrible at math, except when it comes to counting numbers like “10-2-1.”)
1989: Miami.
1988: Notre Dame.
1987: Miami.
1986: Penn State.
1985: Oklahoma.
1984: BYU, by default. One of the weirdest seasons ever produced an undefeated team that swept the polls, but didn’t play anybody more glamorous than 6-6 Michigan. (The best team, per SP+, SRS, Sagarin, and six contemporary selectors: a bowl-banned Florida. Claim it.)
1983: Miami barely beat Nebraska to leap from #5 to #1, but Auburn should claim. The Tigers faced a far harder schedule and beat the Florida that blew out the Canes. Human voters were swayed by drama, while numbers consistently back Auburn (or even Nebraska).
1982: Penn State.
1981: Clemson.
1980: Georgia.
1979: Alabama.
1978: USC and Alabama split the polls. USC beat Alabama by 10 in Birmingham. Next.
1977: Notre Dame.
1976: Pitt.
1975: Oklahoma. Arizona State went unbeaten in the WAC. Claim it.
1974: Oklahoma. USC’s claim is based on a couple polls refusing to crown OU because of NCAA stuff. Narcs.
Behold, the era in which the polls didn’t unanimously agree to post final rankings after bowl season.
Here’s why the last major poll to change, the UPI/Coaches, finally did so:
1973: Notre Dame beat Alabama in a #1 vs. #3 bowl. Ignore Bama’s claim to this season, unless you’d also like to ignore the game between the two at the end of 2012.
The last teams to racially integrate did so in 1972. Many people justifiably refuse to acknowledge titles involving segregated teams.
If we park it here, the “consensus” title count is as follows:
8: Alabama
4: Miami, Oklahoma
3: Clemson, Florida, Florida State, Georgia, LSU, Nebraska, Notre Dame, Ohio State
2: Penn State, USC
1: Auburn, BYU, Georgia Tech, Michigan, Pitt, Tennessee, Texas, Washington
Alternatively, if we keep going …
1972: USC, probably the best team in Pac-12 history.
1971: Nebraska, with the Huskers and Alabama ranking among SP+’s top 10 teams since WW2. Toledo should claim something for going undefeated for three straight seasons.
1970: Texas and Ohio State claim, but lost their bowls, which only kinda mattered at the time. Nebraska won theirs.
1969: Texas, but unbeaten Penn State could claim, based on a few computers.
1968: Ohio State.
1967: USC.
1966: Notre Dame, though Michigan State (fellow unbeaten who tied the Irish, with much of the country mad at Notre Dame playing for the draw) and Alabama (unblemished) have cases. The Irish were #1 on both sides of the ball and faced a slightly tougher schedule. Bama doesn’t claim this one, despite being #1 in the NCAA-listed Berryman and Sagarin. Trade 1973 and 1941 for this, Bama.
1965: Alabama. Michigan State claims, based on a poll released before MSU’s bowl loss.
1964: Unbeaten Arkansas. Bama claims, but lost its bowl.
1963: Texas.
1962: USC swept the polls. Unbeaten Ole Miss can claim, based on a few computers.
1961: Unbeaten Alabama. Ohio State claims, but suffered a tie against a 3-5-2 TCU that also happened to wreck Texas’ perfect season.
1960: Big mess! 8-2 Minnesota was #1 in several polls, but was 8-2. Missouri only went unbeaten thanks to a Kansas forfeit. The closest to consensus is 10-0-1 Ole Miss, though its schedule is unimpressive. Iowa (a computer darling that only lost to Minnesota) should claim, and the retroactive claim by Washington (one loss, beat Minnesota, #1 in one NCAA selector) is legit too.
1959: Ole Miss was an epic touchdown away from at least sharing honors with Syracuse.
1958: LSU. Iowa could claim.
1957: Auburn. Ohio State claims, based on a couple polls not ranking the Tigers due to NCAA stuff. Narcs.
1956: Oklahoma.
1955: Oklahoma.
1954: Ohio State over fellow unbeaten UCLA, thanks to a much stronger schedule. The two couldn’t combine for one of the biggest Rose Bowls ever, thanks to the era’s dumb rules. The Bruins’ claim is fair.
1953: Maryland took both major polls, then got shut out in its bowl against Oklahoma (OU should claim). 9-0-1 Notre Dame should loudly claim this year, with backup from math and historians. Take it whether you want it or not, Notre Dame.
1952: Michigan State went 9-0 and has the majority of selectors, while Georgia Tech beat 11 FBS-equivalent teams. The Jackets beat four ranked teams to MSU’s three. GT’s claim is legit.
1951: Tennessee claims, despite losing its bowl to unbeaten Maryland. Michigan State has a fair claim.
1950: Oklahoma claims, but lost its bowl to Bear Bryant’s Kentucky, which also claims. Tennessee beat Kentucky, but lost to a Mississippi State that otherwise went 2-5 against FBS-equivalent teams. Shameless Princeton claims it, but the Ivy League was proto-FCS by that point. Oh, and OU played a tougher schedule than the SEC teams did. What a mess! Go with Tennessee, which beat AP #5 Texas in the Cotton.
World War II fallout in college football lasted until somewhere around here.
The service academies were hilariously powerful, as was Notre Dame, as many non-military schools gave up the sport for a while.
1949: Notre Dame swept basically every poll and formula, but the College Football Researchers Association likes Oklahoma.
1948: Michigan.
1947: Michigan. Notre Dame’s AP #1 came before Michigan destroyed USC in the Rose while the Irish sat at home. The AP tried a post-bowl re-vote of the top two spots. Michigan took it, though Notre Dame still claims.
1946: Co-champs Army and Notre Dame tied in a GAME OF THE CENTURY. The Irish had the year’s best raw and opponent-adjusted numbers, while Army faced a tougher schedule. It’s one of the toughest eternal arguments in college football history. One solution: unbeaten Georgia (claim it). Most selectors favor Notre Dame, which was otherwise unchallenged; Army almost lost to a 1-8 Navy that Notre Dame whapped.
1945: Army, the most outrageously stacked team ever. (In 2016, Oklahoma State added a retroactive coaches poll trophy somehow.)
1944: Army, though unbeaten Ohio State’s claim is fine.
1943: Notre Dame, SRS’ highest-rated team ever, though it lost a game. Purdue didn’t.
1942: Most humans have picked Ohio State, but the numbers love Georgia. The Dawgs had better wins, shutting out #5 Georgia Tech, shutting out UCLA in the Rose, and beating #10 Alabama by 11.
1941: Minnesota. Alabama’s claim is the most embarrassing by any team ever. The Tide were shut out twice, finished #20 in the AP Poll, and waited four decades to claim this, based literally on one man’s opinion.
The United States isn’t in World War II yet
Back to normal!
1940: Minnesota went undefeated against what might’ve been the country’s hardest schedule, including four final top-10 teams. Stanford’s claim is reasonable.
1939: Texas A&M. SRS and Sagarin rank undefeated Cornell #1.
1938: TCU won the AP. The Vols have most of the contemporary and retroactive computers, plus the CFRA. TCU has some historian favor of its own and SRS. Tennessee played a slightly tougher schedule, but both should keep claiming.
1937: Pitt. Cal and Santa Clara (!) have cases.
1936: Minnesota. Pitt played more ranked teams and had more decisive wins over common opponents, but Minnesota’s loss was at #7 Northwestern, while Pitt lost to #14 Duquesne at home and tied #15 Fordham.
The era before the AP Poll
Total fucking anarchy! There were people publishing title selections, and historians and math still go back into this era. But without the AP Poll, we’re without the gold standard of real-time consensus.
1935: Minnesota. Princeton claims. Princeton claims everything. SMU has statistical support, but lost the Rose by a touchdown.
1934: Minnesota has most of the contemporary and retroactive selectors and the year’s best win (at Pitt), though Alabama played two more games after the Gophers were done, including a win over unbeaten Stanford, and beat a couple teams better than any of the non-Pitt stuff on Minnesota’s schedule. Both claims are valid.
1933: Michigan. Princeton, as always, claims.
1932: USC annihilated everything, including an unbeaten Pitt in the Rose, but Michigan has a valid claim. (Also, we’re into the era of teams giving up 0 points all year. Colgate did it against a horrendous schedule and has a title share from historian Parke Davis.)
1931: USC.
1930. Notre Dame and Alabama were unbeaten monsters. The majority of humans and numbers side with Notre Dame’s brutal schedule over Alabama’s greater dominance, with SRS considering these Irish an all-time great. Bama’s claim is sound.
1929: Notre Dame. Pitt, Purdue, and Tulane have cases.
1928: Georgia Tech.
1927: Georgia might’ve been the easy pick, if Georgia Tech hadn’t tanked for weeks just to ruin UGA. Texas A&M played a light schedule, but has a fair statistical claim. Yale’s schedule was brutal and included only a weird loss to UGA. Illinois remains the popular choice.
1926: Lafayette was unbeaten against a light schedule. Notre Dame had an ugly loss amid a tough schedule. Stanford nearly lost to an 0-5-1 non-college. Navy’s blemish was a tie with 7-1-1 Army, while Bama’s was a tie with Stanford in the Rose. Everybody should claim. Alabama has the historical majority and played one of the year’s toughest schedules.
1925: Bama’s Rose win is a thing of legend, with some still calling it the first time a Southern team found national respect. (Nope. See 1917.) Vautravers makes an excellent case for unbeaten Dartmouth, though the far majority take Alabama.
1924: Notre Dame.
1923: Illinois, though Cal, Cornell, Michigan, and Yale have cases.
1922: Cornell and Iowa can claim, but most go with Princeton over Cal (narrowly).
1921: Cal has the majority of support. Cornell’s claim is fine, as would be one by Iowa.
1920: Cal, though a bunch of teams claim. VMI could!
1919: Biggest mess ever? The CFRA’s only split title (Harvard and Illinois). Davis and the NCF handed out three-way titles, roping in Notre Dame and Texas A&M. Vautravers splits it between Illinois and Penn State. SRS has Illinois over all those, but not #1 (Alabama). Sagarin has Centre #1. Nobody’s ever agreed on anything other than Illinois making the cut.
World War I fallout era
The less impactful World War, sports-wise.
1918: Pitt went 4-1 and blamed its one-point loss to Cleveland Naval Reserve (an actual all-star team) on officiating. Michigan and others have claims.
1917: Georgia Tech.
The United States isn’t in World War I
Back to normal!
1916: Pitt. Colgate and Army can claim. Georgia Tech beat a semi-team 222-0 and only suffered a tie.
1915: Cornell, though Oklahoma and Pitt have cases.
1914: Most pick Army, but Illinois was more dominant against what SRS judges to be a much tougher schedule. Texas annihilated a light schedule.
1913: Harvard, though some go with Chicago. Auburn has another title it could claim, finishing unbeaten and #1 in Billingsley’s formula that factors margin of victory.
1912: Harvard. Penn State could claim, though.
1911: Princeton. Vautravers makes a nice argument for Carlisle Indian School (Jim Thorpe’s team), and SRS considers Minnesota by far the best contender.
1910: Harvard.
1909: Yale.
1908: Penn, though some like Harvard. Unbeaten LSU could claim, thanks to a share of the NCF #1.
1907: Yale.
1906: Numbers and historians are split on Princeton or Yale, who tied each other. I’ll break this tie. Yale was the only team to beat Harvard, while Princeton didn’t play Harvard.
1905: Chicago, though some take Yale.
1904: Penn, but Michigan and Minnesota have cases.
1903: Princeton, but Michigan has a fair claim.
1902: Michigan.
Right before 1902, the number of teams roughly doubled to 70-something.
The game rapidly expanded nationally even as it was desperately in need of becoming less violent. Enjoy these last couple non-Ivy champs coming up.
1901: Some take Princeton, which dominated a tough schedule, but Michigan slaughtered its middling schedule by a 550-0 margin and won the first-ever bowl.
1900: John Heisman’s 6-0 Clemson might as well claim, though Yale won twice as many games in a more established region.
1899: Historians split between Harvard and Princeton. SRS favors Harvard due to schedule; Princeton lost a game and struggled in two others. However, the people’s champ is Sewanee. The Tennessee Tigers went 12-0 and obliterated the South, including shutouts of Texas A&M, Texas, Tulane, LSU, and Ole Miss during a six-day road trip, maybe the greatest feat in football history. This is the only year in which I’m ignoring all selectors and stamping my own champ.
1898: Harvard.
1897: Penn.
1896: Princeton, though Lafayette has a case (partly thanks to one of the NCAA’s recognized historians being Davis, who was ... Lafayette’s coach this year).
1895: Penn.
1894: Yale.
1893: Princeton.
1892: Yale. The last title won by Walter Camp, the adoptive father of football. Meanwhile, Heisman’s debut season: 7-0 at Oberlin, with two demolitions of Ohio State and a win over Michigan.
1891: Yale.
1890: After reading the next 20 seasons, you’ll remember Harvard’s name as an oasis. (Title rivalries like Bama-Clemson/Bama-Georgia would actually fill all of CFB history, if we’d had a Playoff the whole time.)
1889: Princeton.
1888: It’s Yale with the first 10-win season ever. Thirteen, actually.
1887: Yale.
1886: Yale, though Princeton has a case. Most historians note the circumstances in this de facto title game, called early because of darkness. That meant a tie, despite Yale leading. Everyone met at a hotel to argue about it. “The great struggle of Thursday at Princeton accomplished nothing,” said the New York Times. Princeton offered a rematch. I’ll keep you posted.
1885: Princeton.
1884: Yale’s the popular pick over the undefeated Princeton (they tied in a title game), thanks to much better scoring margins. Take note that Yale averaged 55 points a game this season ...
1883: ... after Yale averaged 60 points this season ...
1882: ... after Yale averaged 6.5 points this season. This was when Camp really started messing with the sport’s scoring system, partly to keep Princeton from using its reviled dock-the-battleship offense.
1881: Yale has slightly more historian support and only one tied game, to Princeton’s two.
Now there are fewer than 10 teams, so things are really simple. That last part is a lie.
1880: Princeton and Yale went 4-0, then tied in a de facto title game. Historians and math slightly favor Yale, though the dispute this year was over a weird precedent set in 1879:
1879: Football’s tiny governing body, the Intercollegiate Football Association, declared Princeton the champ, citing 1878’s results as a tiebreaker. (In hindsight, this is easy to resolve without that weird idea — 1879 Princeton tied Yale but had more wins, a better scoring margin, a better result against Harvard, and SRS’ #1 rating.)
1878: Princeton.
1877: Princeton went 2-0-1. The Tigers tied Yale, which claims historian support, perhaps via winning more games, but 1877 Yale ain’t played nobody. Princeton beat two .500-plus teams, while Yale beat none.
1876: Yale, who later argued in 1880 that the 1878-79 Previous Year’s Champ rule meant Yale should take all of Princeton’s titles for every year since 1876, which Yale judged to be fake football years because of rule changes. “The controversy continued to rage until finally buried beneath the accumulation of time, although among the older generation of football men it occasionally breaks out,” Davis wrote three decades later.
1875: Princeton beat Columbia and eventual Division III school Stevens Tech, both at home. Harvard beat a Canadian pickup team twice (once in Montreal), won at Tufts, and won at Yale. Travel aside, Princeton was more dominant against a tougher list of teams.
1874: The oldest title controversy! Yale’s win over Stevens was the only win by anyone over any team not named Columbia or Rutgers. (Also note: everything before the mid-1870s or maybe even early-1880s here is quite arguably not football. Declaring these years non-canon could drop Princeton below Alabama in the all-time count, though, and that would be less funny, so leave them be.)
1873: Princeton.
1872: Princeton.
1871: No football happened, other than Princeton’s scrimmages against a seminary. You can see all that practice paying off in the 1870s.
1870: Princeton beat Rutgers. Rutgers beat Columbia. That was the season.
1869: Foreshadowing the 2011 BCS, the Round 1 winner got shut out in the rematch. Princeton took the season’s total scoring differential, 12-6. So Rutgers doesn’t have a convincing claim to any titles despite at one point having won 100 percent of all football games ever.
Now it’s time to add all that together, awarding exactly one champ per season. Here is the “consensus” championship count:
17: Yale
15: Princeton
12: Alabama
11: Notre Dame (including 1953)
7: USC
6: Michigan, Oklahoma
5: Harvard, Minnesota, Nebraska, Ohio State
4: Georgia, LSU, Miami, Penn, Pitt
3: Army, Clemson, Florida, Florida State, Georgia Tech, Illinois, Tennessee, Texas
2: Auburn, Cal, Penn State
1: Arkansas, BYU, Chicago, Cornell, Maryland, Michigan State, Ole Miss, Sewanee (awarded by me), Syracuse, Texas A&M, Washington
Controversies settled, right? No? I doubt we’ll agree on every single year here, but I’ve showed all my work, so if you disagree with any of these counts, show yours as well.
We go live to all-time leader Yale for reaction:
Thanks! Buy my novel.
Do you have a list of number of acceptable claims by school? (I suppose I could count myself)
ok next you need to tell us which are the ACTUAL games of the century, and why the real game of the 20th century is Nebraska-OU, and why the actual game of the 21st century is either the 2006 Rose (when the BCS actually worked, for once) or the 2023 The Game (for similar reasons to the 1971 NU-OU except OSU then went and lost the Cotton Bowl)